ᓘᑦᑖᖅ ᑕᓕ ᓴᒻᐳ ᑐᕈ ᐃᔅᓯᕙᐅᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥᐅᖃᑎᒌᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᖏᑦ. ᐸᐃᑉᐹᖅᑖᖅᓯᒪᓪᓗᓂ ᒪᓕᒐᓕᕆᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᓯᓚᑦᑐᖅᓴᕐᕕᔾᔪᐊᖓᓐᓂ ᐳᕆᑎᔅ ᑲᓚᒻᐱᐊᒥ, ᒪᓕᒐᓕᕆᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐃᓕᓴᐃᔨᐅᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ (2002) ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐸᐃᑉᐹᖃᕆᓪᓗᓂ ᒪᓕᒐᓕᕆᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᐅᓂᕐᒧᓪᓗ, ᐸᓚᑦᓱ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᕕᖓᓐᓂ, ᑑᑉ ᓯᓚᑦᑐᖅᓴᕐᕕᔾᔪᐊᖓᓐᓂ (1991). ᒫᓐᓴ, ᐊᖏᔪᖅᑳᕆᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕕᔾᔪᐊᕐᒧᑦ ᐅᖃᐅᔾᔨᒋᐊᖅᑎᓄᑦ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑑᑉ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᑐᒥᓂᖏᓐᓂ, ᓯᓚᑦᑐᖅᓴᕐᕕᔾᔪᐊᕐᒥ ᐊᓛᔅᑲ ᐊᓐᑯᕆᔅᒥ, ᑐᖏᓕᕆᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᓪᓗᓂ ᐃᓕᓴᐃᔨᒧᑦ ᓯᓚᕐᔪᐊᒥ ᐱᓕᕆᓂᕐᒥᑦ. ᓘᑦᑕᖅ ᐸᐃᑉᐹᓕᒃ ᑐᕉ ᐃᔅᓯᕙᐅᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ (2014) ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐱᓕᕆᔨᒻᒪᕆᒋᔭᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᓯᓚᕐᔪᐊᒥ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᓐᓄᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᐅᖏᓐᓇᖅᑐᓄᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᑐᒥᓂᓕᕆᕙᑦᑐᓂᒃ (2010-2016); ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᒫᓐᓇ ᐃᔅᓯᕙᐅᑕᐅᔪᖅ ᓯᓚᕐᔪᐊᒥ ᒪᓕᒐᓕᕆᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᓐᓄᒃ (ILA) ᑲᑎᒪᔨᕋᓛᑦ ᐊᑐᓕᖅᑎᑦᑎᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᑐᒥᓃᑦ.

ᓖᓴ ᕿᓗᖅᑭ ᖁᐱᕐᕈᐊᓗ ᐃᓅᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐳᕕᕐᓂᖅᑐᒥ, ᑯᐸᐃᑉ ᑕᕐᕋᖓᓐᓂ (ᓄᓇᕕᒃ). ᐸᐃᑉᐹᖃᖅᑐᓂ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᐅᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᑲᓐᑯᐊᑎᐊᒥ ᓯᓚᑦᑐᖅᓴᕐᕕᔾᔪᐊᖓᓐᓂ, ᒪᓐᑐᕆᐊᒥ, ᐸᐃᑉᐹᖃᖅᑐᓂᓗ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐅᕕᓂᖃᑎᒌᓐᖏᑦᑐᑦ ᖃᓄᖅ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᖃᓲᖑᒪᖔᑕ ᓚᕙᐅ ᓯᓚᑦᑐᖅᓴᕐᕕᔾᔪᐊᖓᓐᓂ, ᑯᐸᒃᒥ. ᐱᒋᐊᖅᑎᑦᑎᖃᑕᐅᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᓪᓗᓂᓗ ᐊᖏᔪᖅᑲᖑᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᓪᓗᓂᓗ ᓴᑐᕐᕖᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᕐᓇᓄᑦ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᑦ ᓄᓇᕕᒻᒥ, ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᖅᑲᖅᑐᐃᕕᓕᕆᓂᕐᒥᑦ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᖃᖅᑐᑎᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᕐᓇᐃᑦ ᓱᕈᓰᕐᓗ ᑲᒪᖃᑕᐅᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖃᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂᓗ ᑕᒪᒃᑯᓄᖓ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᕐᓇᐃᑦ ᖃᓄᐃᑦᑐᒦᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂ ᓄᓇᕕᒻᒥ ᐃᓱᒪᒋᔭᖏᓪᓗ ᖃᓄᐃᑦᑐᒻᒪᖔᑕ. ᐱᓕᕆᖃᑎᖃᕐᒥᔪᖅ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖅ ᓂᓪᓕᐊᖃᑦᑕᕈᒪᔪᓂᒃ ᐃᓄᓐᓂᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᓂ ᐱᕙᓪᓕᐊᑎᑦᑎᓂᕐᒧᓪᓗ, ᐃᓄᓕᕆᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐃᖅᑲᖅᑐᐃᕕᓕᕆᓂᕐᒥᑦ (ᐱᓗᐊᖅᑐᒥ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᒪᓕᖏᓐᓂ) ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐸᖅᑭᑦᑎᓂᕐᒥᑦ ᐊᕙᑎᑦᑎᓐᓂ, ᐱᖅᑯᓯᑦᑎᓐᓂ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᑦᑎᓂᓪᓗ.

ᑯᕆᔅᑕ ᒫᕐᑎᓐ−ᓚᐸᓐᔅᑭ ᓂᕈᐊᖅᑕᐅᕋᑖᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᖏᔪᖅᑲᒧ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᓅᓱᑦᑐᓄᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ. ᓂᕈᐊᕈᐊᖅᑎᐅᓐᖏᑦᑐᖅ ᑲᑎᒪᔨ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑕᐱᕇᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ, ᐸᐅᑦᑐᑎᒃᑯᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᕐᓇᓄᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥᐅᖃᑎᒌᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᖏᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ, ᓈᓚᑦᑎᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐃᓚᒋᔭᐅᒻᒥᔪᖅ ᐃᓄᓕᕆᔪᓂᒃ ᒐᕙᒪᑐᖃᒃᑯᓐᓂ ᐱᓕᕆᖃᑕᐅᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᕋᓛᖏᑦ. ᑯᕆᔅᑐ ᑲᒪᒋᔭᖓ ᓯᕗᒧᐊᖅᑎᑦᑎᑲᓐᓂᕋᓱᐊᕐᓗᓂ ᐃᓄᓐᓂᑦ ᐃᓅᓱᑦᑐᓂᑦ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᖅᐸᐅᖁᔭᐅᔪᑦ ᑐᓴᖅᑕᐅᑎᑦᑎᓇᓱᐊᖅᑐᖅ.

ᐸᓐᔭᒥᓐ ᕿᑐ’ᓇᖅ ᓵᕈᔅ ᐱᑐᐃᓕ, ᐊᓛᔅᑲᒦᓐᖔᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ. ᐊᖏᔪᖅᑲᖏᒃ ᓲᐱ ᓴᓕᐊᒃ ᓄᓇᑉᑦᓱᒃᒥ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᓄᒍᓐᓃᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐳᕌᖕᒃ ᓵᕈᔅ ᐸᑐᒥ. ᐸᓐᔭᒥᓐ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᓂᕐᒥᑦ ᐊᕙᑎᑦᑎᓐᓂ ᓯᓚᑦᑐᖅᓴᕐᕕᔾᔪᐊᖓᓐᓂ ᐊᓛᔅᑲᐅᑉ ᐋᓐᑯᕆᑦᔅ. ᒫᓐᓇ ᑐᑭᒧᐊᖅᑎᑦᑎᔨ ᑕᑯᔭᒐᖃᕐᕕᒻᒥ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᒌᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᓄᓇᓖᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᖏᔪᖅᑲᕆᔭᐅᓪᓗᓂ. ᔪᑉᐱᒃᒥ ᓯᕗᓕᖃᕐᒥᔪᖅ ᑮᓇᖅᐸᓕᐅᖅᑎᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᒪᕐᕉᓂᓪᓗ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕈᕐᒥᔪᖅ ᑕᒪᑐᒥᖓ ᐱᖅᑯᓯᑐᖃᑦᑎᐊᕚᓗᒻᒥᓂᑦ.

ᐃᐅᕆᔪ ᖁᑦᑎᓐᓂᓕᒻᒥ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑐᖅ 12−ᒥᑦ ᒪᖏᓚᓗᒃ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕕᒻᒥ. ᐃᓅᕕᐊᓗᐃᖑᓪᓗᓂ ᑐᒃᑑᔭᖅᑐᕐᒥᐅᑕᖅ, ᓄᓇᑦᑎᐊᕐᒥ. ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕆᐊᖓ ᖁᕕᐊᒋᓪᓚᕆᑦᑕᖓ, ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᓂᕐᒥᑦ, ᓄᑖᕐᓂᑦ ᐱᓇᓱᐊᕐᓂᕐᒥᑦ, ᓂᓪᓕᐊᒋᐊᒥᑦ ᐃᒻᒥᓂᒃ ᐃᑉᐱᒋᔭᖏᓐᓂ, ᐃᓄᑦᑎᐊᕙᓪᓚᕆᒃ ᑭᒃᑯᓕᒫᓄᑦ. ᐱᔪᒪᓂᖃᑦᑎᐊᖅᑐᖅ, ᓴᓐᖏᔪᖅ, ᖃᓄᐃᑦᑐᑐᐃᓐᓇᕐᓂᑦ ᓴᓇᕈᓘᔭᓂᕐᒥᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᒍᓐᓇᖅᑐᖅ, ᐃᓛᒌᑦ ᐃᓄᒋᐊᖑᓪᓗᑎᒃ. ᐃᓚᖏᑦ ᐃᓅᕕᐊᓗᐃᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᖁᕕᐊᖅᑐᖅ ᓇᑭᓐᖔᖅᓯᒪᓂᕐᒥᓂᒃ. ᑕᕐᕆᔮᔅᓴᓕᐅᖅᑕᐅᓂᕐᒥᓂᒃ ᐅᕙᒍᑦ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᖅᑭᑕᓕᕐᒥᑦ, ᑕᑯᑐᐃᓐᓇᖏᑦᑐᕐᓕ ᓯᓚ ᐊᓯᔾᔨᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᖓᓐᓂ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖃᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᕐᒥᔪᖅ ᐱᖅᑯᓯᕐᒥᓂᒃ ᖃᓄᕐᓗ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᖃᖃᑦᑕᓚᐅᕐᒪᖔᑕ ᐅᐊᑦᑎᐊᕈᐊᓗᒃ ᐅᓪᓗᒥ ᐊᔾᔨᒋᓐᖏᑕᖓᓐᓂ.

ᐅᐸᓚᒃ ᐊᓯ ᑳᒪᓐ ᑐᑦᑑᔭᖅᑐᕐᒦᓐᖔᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ, ᓄᓇᑦᑎᐊᕐᒥ, ᑲᓇᑕ. ᐃᓅᕕᐊᓗᑦᑐᓐ ᐊᑎᖓ ᑲᒍᓇ. ᐃᑦᑐᕆᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔭᖓ ᑕᑦᑐᒃ ᐊᑦᑎᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔭᖓ ᓇᓂᕐᒥᑦ ᐊᓈᓇᑦᑎᐊᖓᑕ ᐊᑎᖓᓐᓂ ᑯᕆᔅᑎᓇ ᐃᓅᕕᐊᓗᒃᑐᑦ ᐊᑎᖓ, ᐃᕐᖑᑕᖏᓐᓂ ᐃᓗᓕᖏᓐᓂᓪᓗ ᑕᐃᒫᑐᐊᖅ ᐊᑦᑎᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᖅ. ᐊᓈᓇᒋᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔭᖓ ᓴᓐᖏᔪᐊᓗᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ, ᓯᓚᑐᓪᓗᓂ ᐱᖅᑯᓯᑐᖃᒥᓂᒃ ᐊᑐᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᓂ ᐊᕐᓇᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᒥᖅᓯᖅᑎᐊᓲᖑᓪᓗᓂ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐱᖅᑯᓯᕐᒥᓂ ᐊᑎᖓᓂ ᐊᑐᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᖅ ᐃᖅᑲᐃᑎᒋᔭᐅᕙᑦᑐᓂᓗ.

ᑎᐅᕈ ᑕᑦᔪᒃ ᖁᑦᑎᓐᓂᓕᒻᒥᑦ 10−ᒦᑦᑐᖅ ᒪᖏᓚᓗᒃ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᕕᖓᓐᓂ ᑐᑦᑐᔭᖅᑐᕐᒥ, ᓄᓇᑦᑎᐊᕐᒥ. ᐱᖓᓱᓂᑦ ᐊᖏᔪᓕᒃ/ᓄᑲᓕᒃ ᐱᖓᓱᓂᓪᓗ ᓇᔭᖃᖅᑐᓂ; ᓄᑲᖅᑎᖅᐹᕆᓪᓗᓂᐅᒃ ᕌᓄᑦ ᐲᓕᒃᔅ ᐊᖏᔪᑦᑎ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐸᓯ ᑕᑦᔪᒃ. ᐊᐅᓚᖃᑦᑕᕆᐊᔅᓴᖅ ᓄᓇᒧᑦ ᖁᕕᐊᒋᔭᖓ ᐱᓗᐊᖅᑐᒥᑦ ᓂᕿᔅᓴᖅᓯᐅᕆᐊᖃᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐃᓚᒥᓄᑦ. ᓇᒧᑐᐃᓐᓇᑦᑎᐊᖅ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᕆᐊᔅᓴᕐᓗ ᖁᕕᐊᒋᔭᖓ ᐃᓅᕕᐊᓗᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᖓᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓄᓪᓗ. ᐅᐱᒋᔭᖃᑦᑎᐊᖅᑐᖅ ᐃᓅᕕᐊᓘᓂᖓᓐᓄᑦ. ᐃᓚᖏᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᑦᑎᐊᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐱᖅᑯᓯᕐᒥᓂᒃ ᐊᑐᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᐃᓅᓯᒪᔪᑦ; ᐊᑖᑕᖓ ᐊᓯᕙᖅᑎᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᓴᓇᓐᖑᐊᖅᑎᐅᓪᓗᓂᓗ ᐊᓈᓇᖓ ᓂᕿᓕᐅᑦᑎᐊᒃᑲᓗᒃ ᐃᓅᓕᑕᕐᓂᑦ ᐃᓚᒥᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓄᓪᓗ. ᐊᓯᕙᕐᓂᕐᒥᑦ ᐃᓕᔅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐃᖃᓗᒐᓱᐊᕐᓂᒥᓪᓗ ᐊᑖᑕᒥᓂᒃ, ᕌᓐ ᐲᓕᒃᔅᒥᑦ. ᖁᕕᐊᒋᔭᓕᒃ ᓂᕿᔅᓴᖅᓯᐅᕆᐊᖓ ᐃᓚᒥᓄᑦ ᑐᑦᑐᒥᓂᕐᒥᑦ, ᑲᖑᖅ ᐃᖃᓗᓐᓂᓪᓗ. ᐊᐅᔭᒃᑯᑦ, ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᖅ ᑐᒃᑐᕝᒥᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᓕᐅᕆᔨᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐱᒋᐊᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᓪᓗᓂ ᓄᓇ, ᑕᕆᐅᖅ, ᓯᓚᓗ ᐱᓕᕆᐊᖅ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕕᒻᒥ. ᖁᕕᐊᒋᔭᖃᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᖁᓛᒎᓕᒃᑰᖃᑦᑕᕆᐊᖅ ᓇᒧᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅ ᐃᓅᕕᐊᓗᐃᑦ ᐃᓗᐊᓂ.

ᓇᐃᑕᓂ, ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᒻᒥᔪᒃ ᒧᒃ, ᑐᑦᑑᔭᖅᑐᒻᒥᐅᑕᖅ, ᓄᓇᑦᑎᐊᖅ ᐃᓅᓯᓕᒪᒥᓂᒃ. 19−ᓂᒃ ᐅᑭᐅᓕᒃ ᐱᔭᔅᓴᖃᖅᑏᓐᓇᕈᓘᔭᖅᐸᑦᑐᖅ ᑭᓱᑐᐃᓐᓇᕐᓂᑦ ᐱᓐᖑᐊᕐᓂᕐᒥᓪᓗ, ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᓂᓗ ᐃᓅᓱᑦᑐᓂ ᐱᓕᕆᖃᑎᖃᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᑦ ᐃᓅᓱᑦᑐᓄᑦ ᐱᓐᖑᐊᕐᕕᒻᒥ, ᐃᓪᓗᓕᐅᑦᑎᔅᓴᐅᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᒥᔪᖅ ᓄᓇᓕᓐᓂᑦ.